Transport
In Italy there are many transportation options, and in general, we can say transport is affordable and reasonably quick and efficient.
Airports can be found in major cities as in smaller ones all over Italy; some of them are only served by small to midsize airlines that fly within Europe. A good reference for airports in Italy is Wikipedia.
The public transport network in Italy is quite good, and incorporates trains, buses, and ferry services around the coast.
Trains are moderately priced, with extensive coverage and frequent departures, and high-speed trains connect major cities. Trenitalia is the main Italian railway company, providing services all across Italy, from high-speed journeys to regional ones trenitalia.com/en, while Italo is an Italian private railway company operating high-speed services between major Italian cities italospa.italotreno.it/en/.
Bus is another common means of transport in Italy. Unlike the train, there's no national bus network in Italy, just several individual companies. You can find a list here: getbybus.com/en/country/italy/bus-companies
Italy comprises both an extensive motorway network (6,400 km), and national and local roads. To travel by car you'll probably use the Autostrade, Italy's excellent but expensive toll roads. On this website automap.it/ you can find an atlas with information on motorways, road maps, traffic and fuel prices.
What better way to discover Italy than by bike? If you like the idea, take a look at fiab-onlus.it/bici/ to get information about routes and anything you need to make your trip smooth.